When the pressure increases in the eyeball causing damage to the optic nerve and also causing a loss of vision the person who is affected is said to have glaucoma. In the normal eye there is fluid, which is produced in the posterior chamber. This fluid then passes through the pupil and into the anterior chamber after which it drains through the outflow channels. Although a small amount of pressure is required to keep the shape of the eyeball intact, when the flow of this fluid is blocked by an obstruction the pressure increases producing blind spots in the visual field and a loss of peripheral vision. There are several types of glaucoma including open-angle glaucoma, subacute angle-closure glaucoma, congenital glaucoma and closed-angle glaucoma. The most common type of glaucoma seldom occurs before the age of 40 may have no symptoms at all until some degree of blindness has occurred.

   With all forms of glaucoma the treatment is more successful if it has began early in the condition. With open angle glaucoma medicated eye drops are given to control the condition. With closed angle glaucoma there are several medications that can be given to quickly decrease the pressure in the eye and laser therapy is available to allow drainage. Acute closed angle glaucoma is considered a medical emergency and is treated immediately either laser surgery or medications to reduce the pressure. Glaucoma that is caused by injury or disease will depend on the cause. In some cases corticosteroids are given to decrease the inflammation with medication to keep the pupils enlarged.

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Question from : su sakata

My right eye is dilated larger than my left eye. Is this normal and what causes this?

Dr. Webber:

If the pupils were always that way, then that is ok. If they developed to that extent, then it may indicate a neurological problem. I suggest seeing your MD ASAP for an exam.

   Prepare to travel lighter. Having bags under your eyes is largely genetic and very treatable if you are willing to go under the knife, says Albert Kligman, M.D., Ph.D., a professor emeritus of dermatology at the University of Pennsylvania school of medicine. Caused by a protrusion of fat through the muscle under the eye, bags "are very common, and respond well to surgery," says Dr. Kligman. "It only costs a few hundred bucks, and you can get rid of them permanently." The outpatient procedure-called transconjunctival blepharoplasty involves an invisible incision under your lower eyelid, leaving less baggage and no visible scars.

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    If you live in an older home with lead pipes and still haven't installed a water filter, here's some eye opening news that might spur you into action.

   A recent nine-year study of 642 men found that those with the highest lead levels had more than three times the risk of cataracts a top cause of visual impairment as those with the lowest. Lead can cause cataracts by interfering with antioxidant activity in the eye, explains Debra Schaumberg, study author and assistant professor of medicine and ophthalmology at Harvard Medical School.

   "Get your blood lead measured, and if your level is high, talk to your physician about how to bring it down," she says. "It should be below 10 micrograms per deciliter," Lead is commonly found in old paint, dust, soil, and drinking water that flows through old pipes.

   Does being colorblind mean you only see in black and white? Not exactly. People who are color blind just can't see things in as many colors as people who have normal vision and they cannot see certain colors like red, green and some blues. Not all color-blind people see colors the same way, either.

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